Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health concern, with nearly 10.6 million people diagnosed in 2021 alone, according to the World Health Organization. If you’ve undergone a TB test and received a positive result, you may wonder what it means for your health and what steps to take next. In many cases, a chest X-ray is required to determine whether the infection is active and assess any lung damage.
What Happens if Your Tuberculosis Test is Positive?
A positive tuberculosis test means you have been exposed to TB bacteria, but it does not confirm an active infection. Further testing, such as a chest X-ray and sputum culture, is needed to determine if you have an active or latent TB infection. Latent TB is not contagious but requires treatment to prevent future complications, while active TB can spread and requires immediate medical attention.
2 Types of TB Tests and What a Positive Result Means
There are two main types of tuberculosis tests: the tuberculin skin test (TST) and the interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA). Both can detect TB exposure, but their results require careful interpretation.
- Tuberculin Skin Test (TST): A small amount of tuberculin is injected under the skin. If the injection site swells within 48-72 hours, the test is positive.
- Interferon-Gamma Release Assay (IGRA): A blood test that measures the immune system’s response to TB bacteria. This test is more specific and eliminates the need for follow-up visits.
A positive result from either test does not confirm active TB. Instead, additional tests are required.
What to Do After a Positive TB Test
Once you receive a positive TB test result, the next steps include further diagnostic evaluations to determine if TB is active or latent.
Latent TB vs. Active TB
Understanding the difference between latent and active tuberculosis (TB) is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment. While latent TB remains dormant without symptoms or contagion, active TB spreads easily and requires urgent medical attention. Here’s a quick comparison:
- Latent TB: The bacteria are in the body but inactive. No symptoms, not contagious. Requires preventive treatment.
- Active TB: The bacteria are multiplying. Symptoms include coughing, weight loss, and fatigue. It is contagious and needs immediate treatment.
Treatment Options for TB
Treatment depends on whether TB is latent or active. Both require medication, but the approach differs.
Latent TB Treatment:
- Isoniazid (INH) for 6-9 months.
- Rifampin (RIF) for 4 months.
- Combination therapy (INH + Rifapentine) for 3 months.
Active TB Treatment:
- Combination of antibiotics (INH, RIF, Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide) for 6 months.
- Directly observed therapy (DOT) ensures medication adherence.
- Regular follow-ups to monitor progress.
Can TB Be Prevented?
Yes, TB prevention strategies include:
- Vaccination: BCG vaccine helps protect against severe TB in children.
- Screening and Early Detection: Regular testing for high-risk individuals.
- Preventive Treatment: Taking medication if diagnosed with latent TB.
When to Seek Medical Help
If you have been exposed to TB or experience symptoms such as prolonged cough, fever, or night sweats, seek medical attention immediately. Delaying treatment can lead to serious complications and increase the risk of spreading the infection.
Get Expert TB Testing and Care at Centers Urgent Care
If you need a tuberculosis test or follow-up care, Centers Urgent Care offers fast and reliable medical services for children and adults. Our urgent care in New York City provides thorough TB testing, diagnostics, and treatment options to ensure your health and safety. Visit Centers Urgent Care today for professional and compassionate care.
